{"id":442,"date":"2026-03-20T14:14:42","date_gmt":"2026-03-20T13:14:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sc1qoyc4632.universe.wf\/?p=442"},"modified":"2026-03-23T18:49:59","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T17:49:59","slug":"la-reserve-utile-des-sols-et-le-regime-hydrique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hydronomie.fr\/la-reserve-utile-des-sols-et-le-regime-hydrique\/","title":{"rendered":"La r\u00e9serve utile des sols et le r\u00e9gime hydrique"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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La r\u00e9serve utile des sols et le r\u00e9gime hydrique<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Cette ann\u00e9e il pleut, il pleut, il pleut ! Si bien que les enjeux de l’eau semblent avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 emport\u00e9s, \u00e9rod\u00e9s. Plus personne ne se plaint de s\u00e9cheresse. Plus personne ne se pr\u00e9occupe de manquer d’eau. Pourtant, qu’il manque d’eau ou qu’il y en ait trop, cela rel\u00e8ve d’un d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre \u00e0 accompagner pour augmenter la r\u00e9silience des outils de productions qui restent bel et bien \u00e0 bout de souffle. Certains territoires sont inond\u00e9s, d’autres en carence tant les pr\u00e9cipitations ont dilu\u00e9 la valeur nutritionnelle des prairies ou ont emp\u00each\u00e9 la croissance des cultures.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Alors, pendant qu’il pleut, concentrons nous sur la capacit\u00e9 des sols \u00e0 absorber ou non toute cette eau, en esp\u00e9rant qu’elle y reste jusqu’\u00e0 la prochaine s\u00e9cheresse !<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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R\u00e9serve utile des sols et r\u00e9gime hydrique. Cr\u00e9dit Hydronomie\u00ae<\/span><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div> \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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1. Micro et macro porosit\u00e9 d\u00e9finissent la structure du sol<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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La solution du sol est la fraction liquide de ce dernier et est riche en ions et mol\u00e9cules min\u00e9rales et organiques. Par rapport aux constituants solides, qui traduisent souvent d\u2019une \u00e9volution \u00e0 long terme, elle refl\u00e8te le fonctionnement actuel. La teneur globale en eau d\u2019un sol est soumise \u00e0 des changements tr\u00e8s rapides, fonction des pr\u00e9cipitations, de l\u2019\u00e9vapotranspiration et des remont\u00e9es capillaires. Ces derni\u00e8res varient selon le d\u00e9nivel\u00e9, le taux de mati\u00e8re organique et de la porosit\u00e9 du sol, ainsi que son assolement. La p\u00e9rennit\u00e9 de la solution du sol le long d\u2019un bassin versant d\u00e9pend beaucoup, de la perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9 de la roche sous-jacente. Par exemple sur des gneiss imperm\u00e9ables, la m\u00eame eau peut traverser successivement de nombreux sols alors que sur un calcaire fissur\u00e9, elle dispara\u00eet imm\u00e9diatement en profondeur. La solution du sol influence les \u00eatres vivants de multiples mani\u00e8res et \u00e0 des \u00e9chelles vari\u00e9es. Il y a la nutrition des plantes, puisque celles-ci y plongent leurs radicelles pour absorber l\u2019eau et les \u00e9l\u00e9ments nutritifs qu\u2019elle contient. La solution du sol joue ici le r\u00f4le d\u2019interm\u00e9diaire entre les cellules du rhizoderme et le complexe argilo-humique. \u00c0 une autre \u00e9chelle, la solution du sol r\u00e9gule les \u00e9changes nutritifs de tous les organismes unicellulaires qui y vivent de mani\u00e8re \u00ab incluse \u00bb, comme les bact\u00e9ries ou les protistes. Leur nutrition se fait directement \u00e0 travers leur membrane cellulaire, d\u2019o\u00f9 une grande sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 toute variation de la qualit\u00e9 de la solution du sol. Des strat\u00e9gies d\u2019\u00e9vitement in situ sont alors mises en place, comme la sporulation ou l\u2019enkystement, menant \u00e0 des formes de vie ralentie abaissement au maximum le m\u00e9tabolisme, et par l\u00e0 la respiration et les besoins en oxyg\u00e8ne. Selon le degr\u00e9 d\u2019humectation, les vides du sol sont occup\u00e9s en majeure partie soit par l\u2019eau soit par l\u2019air. Leur ensemble repr\u00e9sente la porosit\u00e9, une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 du sol qui refl\u00e8te le volume des vides du sol, exprim\u00e9 en pourcentage du volume total. La porosit\u00e9 donne une bonne id\u00e9e de l\u2019\u00e9tat structural.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Selon la taille des pores, elle se subdivise en : <\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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  • Macroporosit\u00e9<\/span><\/strong>(> 50 microns), pouvant \u00eatre remplis par l\u2019eau gravitaire rapidement drain\u00e9e et souvent colonis\u00e9s par les racines de taille moyenne ;<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li> \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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    M\u00e9soporosit\u00e9 ou porosit\u00e9 capillaire (de 0,2 \u00e0 50 microns) retenant l\u2019eau utilisable par les plantes ;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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  • Microporosit\u00e9 (inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 0,2 microns) retiennent l\u2019eau dite inutilisable.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

    La m\u00e9soporosit\u00e9 d\u00e9pend beaucoup de la texture, la macroporosit\u00e9 surtout de la structure.<\/span><\/span><\/p>


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    La porosit\u00e9 renseigne sur les capacit\u00e9s hydrique ou atmosph\u00e9rique d\u2019un sol, en volume ou en flux. La seule indication de la porosit\u00e9 ne suffit pas car la circulation de l\u2019eau ou de l\u2019air d\u00e9pend aussi des relations entre les vides du sol et leur mode d\u2019arrangement. Le potentiel g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de circulation de l\u2019eau dans le sol est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 par sa conductivit\u00e9 hydraulique. Quant \u00e0 la circulation de l\u2019air dans le sol, en particulier de l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne, elle est d\u00e9terminante pour la croissance racinaire et l\u2019activit\u00e9 de la microflore, tr\u00e8s sensible au degr\u00e9 d\u2019anoxie. Les \u00e9changes gazeux se font par \u00e9quilibrage entre atmosph\u00e8re du sol, atmosph\u00e8re hors sol et gaz dissous dans la solution du sol.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li> \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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    EN R\u00c9SUM\u00c9<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>

    Marcoporosit\u00e9 = porosit\u00e9 structurale<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

    Microporosit\u00e9 = porosit\u00e9 plasmique<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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    2. Le r\u00e9gime hydrique<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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    Le r\u00e9gime hydrique est la r\u00e9sultante des variations de teneur en eau du sol au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. Le r\u00e9gime hydrique du sol d\u00e9pend directement des trois propri\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9j\u00e0 abord\u00e9es : <\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    • La texture qui d\u00e9termine les forces de r\u00e9tention de l\u2019eau<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li>

    • La structure qui influence la circulation de l\u2019eau<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li>

    • La porosit\u00e9 qui d\u00e9finit le volume du r\u00e9servoir hydrique du sol<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/div> \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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      La quantit\u00e9 \u00ab totale \u00bb d\u2019eau retenue par un sol est la diff\u00e9rence de poids d\u2019un \u00e9chantillon avant (poids frais) et apr\u00e8s (poids sec) dessiccation \u00e0 105\u00b0C. Facile \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer, la teneur en eau est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pauvre en renseignements \u00e9cologiques en raison de son extr\u00eame sensibilit\u00e9 aux pr\u00e9cipitations r\u00e9centes, \u00e0 la condensation, au drainage ou au couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tale.  Ce qui est beaucoup plus int\u00e9ressant est la r\u00e9partition de l\u2019eau en fonction des capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9tention du sol\u2026 Dans le sol, l\u2019eau se pr\u00e9sente sous trois \u00e9tats principaux, en fonction de la force avec laquelle il la retient et selon la disponibilit\u00e9 pour les plantes : eau de gravit\u00e9, eau utile et eau inutilisable. Leur part respective de teneur en eau d\u00e9pend de la texture (variante immuable) et du taux de mati\u00e8re organique. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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      L\u2019eau de gravit\u00e9 ou eau libre est la plus mobile, elle remplit la macroporosit\u00e9 et la noie par gravitation jusqu\u2019au point de r\u00e9essuyage. Elle n\u2019existe dans les sols que dans les heures ou les jours qui suivent une pr\u00e9cipitation ou en cas de nappe phr\u00e9atique superficielle permanente. Quand les forces dues \u00e0 la gravitation s\u2019\u00e9quilibrent avec la force de r\u00e9tention du sol, le point de ressuyage est atteint : l\u2019eau restante est conserv\u00e9e dans le sol et constitue la capacit\u00e9 au champ. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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      Mieux retenue que l\u2019eau de gravit\u00e9, l\u2019eau utilisable ou r\u00e9serve utile (RU) remplit les pores du sol de diam\u00e8tres compris entre 0,2 et 50 microns ou forme des films de 5 \u00e0 10 nm \u00e0 la surface des particules. Les racines l\u2019absorbent jusqu\u2019au point de fl\u00e9trissement temporaire, r\u00e9versible, puis jusqu\u2019au point de fl\u00e9trissement permanent qui est atteint lorsque la force de r\u00e9tention de l\u2019eau par le sol \u00e9gale la force de succion maximale exerc\u00e9e par la plante. De nombreux microorganismes vivent dans ces films d\u2019eau tels les n\u00e9matodes, les protozoaires qui constituent les flux d\u2019eau capillaire. En dessous du point de fl\u00e9trissement permanent se trouve l\u2019eau inutilisable par la plante. Seule une \u00e9vaporation intense permet de l\u2019\u00e9liminer. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Les diff\u00e9rentes zones de stockage de l\u2019eau dans le sol - Cr\u00e9dit Hydronomie\u00ae<\/span><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div> \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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      Trois forces agissent sur l\u2019eau du sol, d\u00e9limitant les cat\u00e9gories ci-dessus : <\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      P<\/span><\/strong>: la force de gravitation d\u00e9coulant de l\u2019attraction terrestre<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div> \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      F<\/span><\/strong>: la force de r\u00e9tention par les solides<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div> \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      S<\/span><\/strong>: la force de succion des plantes<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div> \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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      Ces forces, parfois assimil\u00e9es \u00e0 des pressions, sont exprim\u00e9es en m\u00e9gapascals (MPa), en bars, en atmosph\u00e8re, en centim\u00e8tre d\u2019eau ou de mercure !<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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      Le pF correspond au potentiel matriciel ou potentiel capillaire d\u00e9fini comme l\u2019\u00e9nergie r\u00e9sultant de la pression de l\u2019eau due aux effets de liaison autour des particules solides et aux effets de capillarit\u00e9 dans les pores. Le potentiel matriciel ne diff\u00e9rencie pas la part de l\u2019eau absorb\u00e9e de celle de l\u2019eau capillaire. Il refl\u00e8te l\u2019affinit\u00e9 globale de l\u2019eau pour l\u2019ensemble de la matrice solide du sol. Il est donc primordial de travailler \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la structure et de la porosit\u00e9 avant de stocker d\u2019important volume d\u2019eau. Car si le sol ne peut pas l\u2019absorber et le retenir \u00e0 destination de la vie, alors le stockage de l\u2019eau est vain. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Forces s\u2019exer\u00e7ant sur l\u2019eau du sol. Cr\u00e9dit Hydronomie\u00ae<\/span><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div> \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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      La r\u00e9serve utile en eau du sol est avant tout biologique. Le r\u00e9servoir utilisable en eau (appel\u00e9 r\u00e9serve utile, RU) est une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 hydrique du sol. Elle est mesur\u00e9e pour d\u00e9terminer la quantit\u00e9 d\u2019eau que le sol peut stocker et restituer \u00e0 la plante. Elle est intrins\u00e8quement li\u00e9e \u00e0 la nature du sol et au couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tal qui lui est associ\u00e9 (prairie, for\u00eat, culture, \u2026). Les diff\u00e9rents techniciens, n\u2019ayant pas exactement la m\u00eame d\u00e9finition de la RU, utilisent des m\u00e9thodes vari\u00e9es de calcul. Cela conduit \u00e0 des \u00e9valuations diff\u00e9renci\u00e9es entre les disciplines. L\u2019enjeu de conna\u00eetre ce param\u00e8tre avec fiabilit\u00e9, est de pouvoir ajuster les pratiques d\u2019irrigation. Ce qui est d\u2019autant plus pr\u00e9gnant que le sol est de faible \u00e9paisseur, et pr\u00e9sente une faible RU. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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      Il convient en ce cas de l\u2019\u00e9valuer avec pr\u00e9cision. Lorsque le sol est tr\u00e8s \u00e9pais, et la RU assez \u00e9lev\u00e9e, la pr\u00e9cision sur la valeur a moins d\u2019importance. Outre le raisonnement de l\u2019irrigation, un enjeu est \u00e9galement de choisir les couverts v\u00e9g\u00e9taux les plus adapt\u00e9s dans le cadre de la transition agricole indispensable pour faire face au changement climatique et des pratiques agro\u00e9cologiques. Cette donn\u00e9e est \u00e9galement utilis\u00e9e dans des applications m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, par exemple pour la simulation de crues ou de s\u00e9cheresse. L\u2019INRAE du Val de Loire a cr\u00e9\u00e9 une carte de la RU \u00e0 la r\u00e9solution de 90 m\u00e8tres. L\u2019h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des sols sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire a demand\u00e9 d\u2019associer un degr\u00e9 d\u2019incertitude aux estimations pour \u00e9valuer la RU. L\u2019objectif \u00e9tant que l\u2019ensemble des acteurs puisse utiliser les donn\u00e9es \u00e0 bon escient et \u00eatre inform\u00e9 sur le fait que cette RU n\u2019est pas toujours une donn\u00e9e pr\u00e9cise.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/colgroup>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Etat de l\u2019eau<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Force F (MPa)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Force F (bars)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Force F <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>

      (g\/cm2)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      pF<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Saturation maximale<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -0,001<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -0,01<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -10<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      1,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Capacit\u00e9 au champ<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -0,006<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -0,06<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -63<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      1,8<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Point de r\u00e9essuyage<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -0,05<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -0,5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -500<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      2,7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Rupture du lien capillaire<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -0,25<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -2,5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -2500<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      3,4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Point de fl\u00e9trissement temporaire<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -10<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -10 000<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      4,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Point de fl\u00e9trissement permanent<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -1,6<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -16<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -16 000<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      4,2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Terre s\u00e9ch\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019air<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -100<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -1000<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -1 000 000<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      6,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      Quelques valeurs du potentiel matriciel, exprim\u00e9es par la force de r\u00e9tention F et le pF. Source : Le sol vivant de Gobat, Aragno, Matthey<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/colgroup>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      Estimation de la r\u00e9serve utile<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h6>

      <\/span><\/div>

      EU = ( \u00f8FC - \u00f8WP)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

      RU = EU x Zr = ( \u00f8FC - \u00f8WP) x Zr<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

      RFU = RU x f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

      - EU est la teneur en eau utile du sol (mm\/m). EU est la diff\u00e9rence entre le contenu en eau \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 au champ (\u00f8FC) et la teneur en eau au point de fl\u00e9trissement (\u00f8WP).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

      - Zr (m), la profondeur d\u2019enracinement maximale, d\u00e9termin\u00e9e pour des cultures arriv\u00e9es \u00e0 maturit\u00e9 et cultiv\u00e9es sur sol profond.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

      - RU (mm) est l\u2019eau accessible aux v\u00e9g\u00e9taux dans le volume de sol exploit\u00e9 par leurs racines.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

      - La r\u00e9serve facilement utilisable (RFU) est la quantit\u00e9 d\u2019eau qu\u2019une plante peut extraire d\u2019un sol sans que sa production ne soit affect\u00e9e de fa\u00e7on notable. Elle est d\u00e9finie par l\u2019introduction d\u2019un coefficient empirique, f. Ce coefficient repr\u00e9sente le risque potentiel de soumettre la plante \u00e0 un stress hydrique et est fonction de la culture. Il est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement admis de lui donner une valeur de 2\/3.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t

      3. Eau du sol et v\u00e9g\u00e9tation<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
      \n\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      <\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      Par l\u2019observation de plantes m\u00e9sophiles, le point de fl\u00e9trissement permanent est fix\u00e9 \u00e0 -1,6 MPa ou pF = 42. Mais de nombreux organismes arrivent \u00e0 survivre au del\u00e0 de cette limite. C\u2019est le cas de certains champignons et levures qui survient sous forme de spores jusqu\u2019\u00e0 -20MPa, telle que<\/span> Aspergillus spp.<\/span><\/em> et <\/span>P\u00e9nicillium spp<\/span><\/em>. Un des plus r\u00e9sistants semble \u00eatre le champignon <\/span>Xeromyces bisporus <\/span><\/em>qui a atteint -69 MPa. Chez les plantes, la valeur de -1,6 MPa est une limite pour celles qui ne subissent gu\u00e8re de stress hydrique : plantes cultiv\u00e9es, plantes des prairies ou des sous-bois des r\u00e9gions temp\u00e9r\u00e9es. Certaines passent cette limite gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019ajustement osmotique qui leur permet de coloniser des zones tr\u00e8s s\u00e8ches. Sans compter sur le soutien des associations mycorhiziennes. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      <\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      Point de fl\u00e9trissement permanent de quelques esp\u00e8ces<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      Esp\u00e8ces aquatiques<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t
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      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/colgroup>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Esp\u00e8ces<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Point de fl\u00e9trissement permanent (MPa)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Nymphaea alba<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -0,7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Nuphar luteum<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -1,1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      Esp\u00e8ces m\u00e9sophiles<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t
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      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/colgroup>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Esp\u00e8ces<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Point de fl\u00e9trissement permanent (MPa)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Anemone nemorosa<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -1,5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Achillea millefolium<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -1,5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Lolium perenne<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -1,9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      Esp\u00e8ces m\u00e9sox\u00e9rophiles<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t
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      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/colgroup>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Esp\u00e8ces<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Point de fl\u00e9trissement permanent (MPa)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Vitis vinifera<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -1,9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Picea abies<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -2,2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Prunella grandiflora<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -2,3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      Esp\u00e8ces x\u00e9rophiles<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t
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      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/colgroup>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Esp\u00e8ces<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Point de fl\u00e9trissement permanent (MPa)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Buxus sempervirens<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -3,4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Quercus cocufiera<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -4,4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Hippocrepis comosa<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -5,6<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Potentilla arenaria<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -8,1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Aster linosyris<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -10,2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Artemisia herba-alba<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -16,3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      Champignons<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/colgroup>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Esp\u00e8ces<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Point de fl\u00e9trissement permanent (MPa)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      Moisissures de la <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

      confiture<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>

      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>
      <\/div>

      -10,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      L\u2019ajustement osmotique, capacit\u00e9 des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux pour mieux absorber l\u2019eau, n\u2019est pas la seule cause du flux hydrique \u00e0 travers le syst\u00e8me sol-plante-atmosph\u00e8re. La circulation de l\u2019eau est impos\u00e9e \u00e0 la plante par les conditions ext\u00e9rieures. Le r\u00f4le de celle-ci est de contr\u00f4ler le flux par les r\u00e9glages \u00e0 certaines \u00e9tapes du transit. Le transfert de l\u2019eau dans le syst\u00e8me sol-plante-atmosph\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9 \u00e0 un courant \u00e9lectrique qui traverse trois r\u00e9sistances : <\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t

      R1<\/span><\/strong>= La r\u00e9sistance au passage de l\u2019eau du sol au xyl\u00e8me des racines, o\u00f9 s\u2019opposent le potentiel osmotique de la plante et le potentiel matriciel du sol. Le r\u00e9glage se fait ici par l\u2019ajustement osmotique ;<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div> \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t

      R2<\/span><\/strong>= La r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la circulation \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la plante, des racines aux feuilles. Ici, le contr\u00f4le est assur\u00e9 par les variations de pression d\u2019eau dans certaines cellules du xyl\u00e8me, avec possibilit\u00e9s de vaporisation par les vacuoles ;<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div> \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t
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      R3<\/span><\/strong>= La r\u00e9sistance au passage de l\u2019eau des feuilles \u00e0 l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. La r\u00e9gulation s\u2019op\u00e8re par l\u2019activit\u00e9 des tomates, qui agissent sur la transpiration.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div> \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t
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      <\/wow-image><\/div><\/div>
      Circulation eau dans syste\u0300me sol-plante-atmosphe\u0300re. Cr\u00e9dit Hydronomie\u00ae<\/span><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div> \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
      \n\t\t
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      <\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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      Les conditions climatiques g\u00e9n\u00e9rales d\u00e9terminent les flux hydriques \u00e0 travers les plantes. L\u2019\u00e9nergie n\u00e9cessaire est d\u2019origine uniquement physique. Certaines plantes comme le sapin ou le pin favorisent le contr\u00f4le \u00e0 la sortie, fermant leur stomates d\u00e8s l\u2019apparition d\u2019une contrainte hydrique dans le sol. D\u2019autres comme le fr\u00eane agissent prioritairement sur l\u2019entr\u00e9e transpiratoire malgr\u00e9 l\u2019augmentation du potentiel matriciel. D\u2019autres ajustements sont li\u00e9s aux rythmes de vis, les plantes ferment leurs stomates ou limitent fortement leur ouverture, lorsque les temp\u00e9ratures sont tr\u00e8s fortes ou que l\u2019ensoleillement est trop direct et br\u00fblant. Elles op\u00e8rent le m\u00eame m\u00e9canisme durant des p\u00e9riodes de s\u00e9cheresse, de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 baisser leur transpiration. Ceci permet une meilleure conservation de l\u2019eau mais diminue l\u2019activit\u00e9 photosynth\u00e9tique. De nombreux mara\u00eechers ont pu constater durant l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2022, que malgr\u00e9 un effort d\u2019arrosage accru, les croissances ne se faisaient plus. Les plantes en plein soleil et sur sol peut poreux ne pouvait pas contr\u00f4ler les r\u00e9sistances du flux d\u2019eau. De ce fait l\u2019ensemble de la colonne d\u2019eau est une cons\u00e9quence de la diff\u00e9rence de potentiel entre les 2 extr\u00e9mit\u00e9s de celle-ci. C\u2019est \u00e0 dire entre le potentiel hydrique du sol et celui de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. La plante n\u2019utilise aucune \u00e9nergie de son m\u00e9tabolisme pour faire circuler l\u2019eau en son sein, si ce n\u2019est pour les r\u00e9gulations n\u00e9cessaire que l\u2019on vient d\u2019aborder. Quelques param\u00e8tres montrent des \u00e9carts : <\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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      L\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de la pesanteur cr\u00e9e une l\u00e9g\u00e8re d\u00e9pression chez les v\u00e9g\u00e9taux de hautes tailles ;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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      Toutes les racines d\u2019une plante ne subissent pas le m\u00eame potentiel hydrique du sol, condition de l\u2019h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 de ce dernier, des associations mycorhiziennes, des trames brunes, vertes et bleues qui maillent le territoire ;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      • Un certain d\u00e9calage appara\u00eet chez les v\u00e9g\u00e9taux de grande taille entre l\u2019absorption et la transpiration, en raison de l\u2019entr\u00e9e interne de l\u2019eau dans le xyl\u00e8me, contenue auparavant dans des r\u00e9serves cellulaires ;<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li>

      • L\u2019adh\u00e9rence de l\u2019eau aux parois cellulaires et la conductance hydraulique entre le sol et la feuille ne sont pas constantes.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/div> \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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        <\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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        La texture du sol a une influence sur la teneur en eau de ce dernier et son potentiel matriciel. En effet, les valeurs du potentiel matriciel aux points de ressuyage et aux points de fl\u00e9trissement sont identiques pour tous les sols m\u00eame si la teneur en eau correspondant \u00e0 ces potentiels matriciels varie selon l\u2019\u00e9tat textural. Une plante m\u00e9sophile se fl\u00e9trit d\u00e9finitivement avec environ 4% d\u2019eau dans un sol sableux, 15% dans un sol limono-sableux ou m\u00eame 50% dans certaines tourbes qui sont des pi\u00e8ges hydriques tr\u00e8s efficaces. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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        <\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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        Il est \u00e0 noter que la capacit\u00e9 en eau d\u2019un sol augmente en pr\u00e9sence de mati\u00e8re organique, plus cette derni\u00e8re est importante et int\u00e9gr\u00e9e au sol, plus la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9tention d\u2019eau augmente.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

        \n\t\t\t\t
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        <\/wow-image><\/div><\/div>
        Relation entre la teneur en eau et le pF \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes textures. D\u2019apr\u00e8s Coltiner, 2005. Cr\u00e9dit Hydronomie\u00ae<\/span><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div> \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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        L’adaptation au changement climatique doit s’op\u00e9rer \u00e0 la base : dans nos itin\u00e9raires techniques et les choix culturaux que nous faisons. Les objectifs sont simples : assurer que le sol soit capable de retenir longtemps l’eau capillaire afin de subvenir aux besoins des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux adapt\u00e9s aux conditions climatiques. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        La r\u00e9serve utile des sols et le r\u00e9gime hydrique Cette ann\u00e9e il pleut, il pleut, il pleut ! Si bien que les enjeux de l’eau semblent avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 emport\u00e9s, \u00e9rod\u00e9s. Plus personne ne se plaint de s\u00e9cheresse. Plus personne ne se pr\u00e9occupe de manquer d’eau. Pourtant, qu’il manque d’eau ou qu’il y en ait trop, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":672,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classe"],"yoast_head":"\nLa r\u00e9serve utile des sols et le r\u00e9gime hydrique - Hydronomie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hydronomie.fr\/la-reserve-utile-des-sols-et-le-regime-hydrique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La r\u00e9serve utile des sols et le r\u00e9gime hydrique - Hydronomie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La r\u00e9serve utile des sols et le r\u00e9gime hydrique Cette ann\u00e9e il pleut, il pleut, il pleut ! 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Si bien que les enjeux de l’eau semblent avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 emport\u00e9s, \u00e9rod\u00e9s. Plus personne ne se plaint de s\u00e9cheresse. Plus personne ne se pr\u00e9occupe de manquer d’eau. Pourtant, qu’il manque d’eau ou qu’il y en ait trop, […]","og_url":"https:\/\/hydronomie.fr\/la-reserve-utile-des-sols-et-le-regime-hydrique\/","og_site_name":"Hydronomie","article_published_time":"2026-03-20T13:14:42+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-03-23T17:49:59+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1024,"url":"https:\/\/hydronomie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/RU-sol-regime-hydrique-1024x1024.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Marl\u00e8ne Vissac","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Marl\u00e8ne Vissac","Est. reading time":"13 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/hydronomie.fr\/la-reserve-utile-des-sols-et-le-regime-hydrique\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/hydronomie.fr\/la-reserve-utile-des-sols-et-le-regime-hydrique\/"},"author":{"name":"Marl\u00e8ne Vissac","@id":"https:\/\/hydronomie.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/946eac64f1c11013bc50be1a7bbdf8c5"},"headline":"La r\u00e9serve utile des sols et le r\u00e9gime hydrique","datePublished":"2026-03-20T13:14:42+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-23T17:49:59+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/hydronomie.fr\/la-reserve-utile-des-sols-et-le-regime-hydrique\/"},"wordCount":3115,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/hydronomie.fr\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/hydronomie.fr\/la-reserve-utile-des-sols-et-le-regime-hydrique\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/hydronomie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/RU-sol-regime-hydrique.png","articleSection":["Non class\u00e9"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/hydronomie.fr\/la-reserve-utile-des-sols-et-le-regime-hydrique\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/hydronomie.fr\/la-reserve-utile-des-sols-et-le-regime-hydrique\/","url":"https:\/\/hydronomie.fr\/la-reserve-utile-des-sols-et-le-regime-hydrique\/","name":"La r\u00e9serve utile des sols et le r\u00e9gime hydrique - 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